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Station Operator Resources

The IGS collects, archives, and freely distributes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation data sets from a cooperatively operated global network of ground tracking stations. IGS stations provide continuous tracking using high accuracy receivers and have data transmission facilities allowing for rapid (minimally: daily) data transmission to the data centers.

IGS Guidelines

The IGS network is a collection of heterogeneous stations operated by many different organizations pooling their resources under the IGS umbrella for the common good. Stringent rules are inconsistent with the voluntary nature of the IGS. However, participating stations must agree to adhere to the standards and conventions contained herein, which ensure the consistent high quality of the IGS network and products. Of particular importance to the IGS is the stable, long-term operation of the network.

IGS stations provide continuous tracking using high accuracy receivers and have data transmission facilities allowing for rapid (minimally: daily) data transmission to the data centers. The stations must meet physical and operational requirements. The latest version of such standards are fully described here: Guidelines for Continuously Operating Reference Stations in the IGS.

2019 IGS Stations Map
IGS Stations, Last Updated 2019

Site Log Manager 2.0

The International GNSS Service (IGS) collects, archives, and freely distributes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation data sets from over 200 global agencies that make up a network of ground tracking stations. The Site Log Manager 2.0 (SLM 2.0) is a software system designed to allow station operators to securely manage the metadata across the GNSS ground based sites. The SLM 2.0 is a vital and tremendous service to the global GNSS community. Our primary goal for the SLM 2.0 is to maximize the reliability, accuracy, and searchability of site log metadata information. This will be achieved through easy moderation and review, automation, structured data, and broad adoption.

Access to the Site Log Manager 2.0 is restricted to authorized users such as IGS station operators. If you are an IGS station operator and need access, please contact the IGS Network Coordinator at cb@igs.org.

 

Key New Features include:

  • New and improved user interface – designed a clean, modern interface that better shows key items for the user, so that they can get to their destination or complete their actions with ease, as well as restructured sections/pages for a more streamlined flow between features
  • Using the latest technology – developed the new system with a more robust programming language and database to allow for sustainability and make way for future features such as GeodesyML, interoperability, and command-line API
  • Improved Editing – developed easy to edit form fields with the ability to edit past sections
  • Improved Validation – developed better validation checks when a user adds or edits station metadata to ensure the station metadata is as accurate as possible
  • New Alerts/Notifications – created a new alert/notifications system where users will able to view any validation errors or notes from the SLM admin/moderator
  • New List/Map View – created a new and improved station list to view, search, sort, and filter through stations, and be able to view the station locations on an interactive 3D global map
  • Open Source – the new SLM is open source software issued under the MIT license. It is free to use and has a no-fork architecture that allows significant adaptations without the need to change core code. We welcome contributions!
  • Stronger Validation – stronger validation coupled with a more strongly typed data model will increase the quality and accuracy of site log information over time
  • GeodesyML support – station metadata can now be uploaded and downloaded in a GeodesyML format. To learn more about GeodesyML, visit the GeodesyML website

 

Screenshot of IGS SLM 2.0 Interface

Monumentation Design and Implementation Recommendations

 

Table 1: Considerations for Monumentation

 

Desired Monument Characteristics Parameters Affecting Monument Characteristics of a Good Monumentation Site Good Practice in Design of Monument
  • Stability with time
  • Stable to a certain degree of accuracy
  • Zero interaction with signal
  • Low cost
  • Simple design
  • Ease of installation
  • Corrosion resistance
  • Long term survivability
  • Climate
  • Impact
  • Frost Action
  • Shrinking and swelling of soil rock due to changes in moisture content
  • Soil expansion and contraction
  • Slope Instability
  • Compression of Soils
  • Presence of cavities due to karstic formations, such as found in dolomitic regions
  • Erosion
  • Diurnal and Seasonal Temperature variations
  • Human Tampering
  • Radio Frequency Interference
  • Presence of faults
  • Joints, fractures, and shear zones.
  • Water Table Level
  • Obstructions
  • Presence of bedrock and its type and condition
  • Vandalism
  • Shallow bedrock of high quality
  • Clear horizon
  • Safe from vandalism
  • Clear of reflecting surfaces (fences, metal poles etc.)
  • Not too far from receiver
  • Ease of access
  • Data accessibility via internet or phone line
  • Continuous electric power
  • No local crustal instabilities
  • Controlled vegetation (growing horizon elevators)
  • Minimize multipath signals by choosing optimal above ground width and antenna height above ground level.
  • Test the multipath environment and the radio frequency interference present at the chosen site before installation of monument.
  • Minimize resonance cavities by minimizing empty space between top of monument and antenna.
  • Minimize amount of metal in close proximity of antenna.
  • Design monument to be higher than snowfall levels.
  • Choose depth of monument anchor such that it is unaffected by frost action.
  • Use materials with low coefficients of thermal expansion when high temperature variations are expected (Invar for example).
  • Attach to solid bedrock for extremely stable foundation.
  • Avoid mounting the GPS antenna within 24.4cm (9.6in), or exact multiples of this distance, of a potentially reflecting horizontal surface.
  • Increase visibility of antenna above obstructions.
  • Implement insulation when thermal expansion is a concern.
  • Prepare lightning surge protection.
  • Install vertical and horizontal stability measurement instruments (tiltmeters, inclinometers, strainmeters) when high accuracy (sub-mm level) is desired.
  • Avoid nearby high voltage power lines.

 

Table 2: Types of monuments and examples of each

 

Monument Type Description Organizations Characteristics
Pier C-Bar Reinforced Concrete National Geodetic Society (NGS)
  • Wide range of applications
  • Benign signal environment
  • High level of position stability
  • Inexpensive
  • Repeatability in antenna positioning
  • Long Term Survivability
Rebar Reinforced Concrete
  • Bay Area Regional Deformation (BARD)
  • Western Canada Deformation Array (WCDA)
  • University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO)
  • Most commonly used monument type
H-beam New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department
  • Excellent Stability
Helical United States Geological Survey (USGS)
  • Excellent Vertical and Horizontal Stability
Rod Stainless Steel WCDA
  • Long Term Stability
  • Minimal effects from temporal solar radiant heating
Metal Rod Brace
  • Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN)
  • Basin and Range Geodetic Network (BARGEN)
  • Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array (PANGA)
Invar rod encased in concrete UNAVCO
  • Good Stability
  • Very low thermal expansion
  • Low multipath signals
Mast Rohn Tower U.S. Coast Guard
  • Large heights can be used to reduce obstructions
  • Concrete monuments used to anchor masts
Stainless Steel GPS Earth Observation Network of Japan (GEONET)
Chain Link Fence Post
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA)
  • Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL)
  • Inadvisable for geodetic purposes, consider other monumentation choices
Building Rooftop
  • Texas Department of Transportation’s (TXDOT)
  • Regional Reference Points (RRP)
  • SATLOC
  • Inadvisable for geodetic purposes due to instabilities; consider other monumentation choices
  • If unavoidable, choose a load-bearing wall on a low-elevation building -Foundation of building must be stable
  • Larger buildings have more instability
  • Use vertical and horizontal stability measuring instruments to keep track of the movement of the building
Wall Mounted
  • Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics of the University of California, San Diego (IGPP-UCSD)

 

Other References:

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